A. The pursuit of Equality
1. growth in trade organizations
2. seperation of church and state
3. Quakers : first antislavery society

B. Constitution making in the states
1. Each state creates its own constitution
a. most included a Bill of Rights
b. formed weak executive and judicial branches

C. Economic Crosscurrents
1. Loyalist land holdings were seized
2. America cut-off their relationship with Britian

D. A Shaky Start Toward Finish
1. diificult to create a new government and a new type of government
2. Each state created similar govermental structure and smilar constitutions
3. Political leaders: George Washington, James Madison, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton

E. Creating a Confederation
1. Articles of Confederation were adopted in 1776

F. The Articles of Confederation: America's First Constitution
1. problems:
a. all states dealt with foreign affairs and the judicial branch
b. no executive branch
c. all states had one vote despite their population
2. Congress
a. no power to regulate commerce
b. could not enforce a tax-collection program
c. weak national government

G. Landmarks in Land Laws
1. Land Ordinance of 1785
2. Northwest Ordinance of 1787

H. The World's Ugly Duckling
1. troubled foreign relations with Britian and Spain

I. The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
1. Shays Rebellion

J. The Convention of "Demigods"
1. covention at Annapolis, Maryland
a. Alexander Hamilton calls upon convention

K. Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises
1. New Constitution
a. "the large state plan"- House of Representatives
b. "the small state plan"- The Senate

L. Safeguards for Conservatism
1. Electoral College- indirectly elects president
a. House of Representatives
b. The Senate

M. The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
1. Federalists- supported the adoption of the new constitution
2. Antifederalists- opposed the new constitution

N. The Great Debatein the States
1. States hold elections for the Constitution

O. The Four Laggard States
1. Four states left to ratify constitution
a. Virginia
b. New York
c. North Carolina
d. Rhode Island

P. The conservative Triump
1. Constitution is sucess